Fig. 5

Spatial and temporal variations of COVID-19 and mobility relationship. (‘COVID-19 ↔ Mobility’, ‘COVID-19 → Mobility’, ‘Mobility → COVID-19’, and ‘Not Significant’ indicates ‘COVID-19 and Mobility simultaneously’ Granger-cause each other’, ‘COVID-19 Granger-causes mobility’, ‘Mobility Granger-causes COVID-19’, ‘There is no significant relationship’, respectively)