Table 8 Objective measurement of walking and cycling

Walking/Cycling characteristics

Walking: speed, distance, duration, direction, deviation, distance from nearby pedestrians, number of steps, cadence (steps/min), step regularity, and step symmetry

[4, 25,26,27, 46,47,48, 50, 51]

Cycling: speed, acceleration

[55]

Wearable devices/Sensor-based measurements

HR, HRV, EDA, SC, brain activity using EEG, Heart electrical activity using ECG for measuring Cardio-vascular activity, BVP, gait sensors

[4, 50, 53,54,55]