Fig. 8

A world map representing the number of illegal kidney trade cases in which countries were reported as a kidney broker provider. The upper panel shows the map for the first decade (2000–2011) while the lower panel shows the map for the second decade (2012–2022). In each panel, the countries with at least one case serving as a kidney broker provider were classified into 5 groups using quantiles. Countries with a darker purple shade correspond to more cases in which they appeared as a kidney broker provider